Severe frost is usually fatal, although they have been known to recover from temperatures of 4C (25F). [14][15], The interior of the endocarp is hollow and is lined with a thin brown seed coat around 0.2mm (164in) thick. The terminology is derived from the Tagalog language. Easily kills parasites and helps remove them from body. Tempurung, as the shell is called in the Malay language, can be used as a soup bowl and if fixed with a handle a ladle. In Cambodia, the roots are used in traditional medicine as a treatment for dysentery. [44], Coconuts have a nearly cosmopolitan distribution due to human cultivation and dispersal. It forms the basis of wedding and worship rituals in Hinduism. [131][86] Most of the fat is saturated (89%), with lauric acid being the major fatty acid. Fruit growing, on the other hand, is perennial in nature, allowing the grower to remain engaged in farm operations throughout the year and to make full use of farm resources and assets, such as machinery, land, and water, for production purposes throughout the year. Coconut oil has high world demand as an ingredient in cosmetics, soaps, hair oils, body oils and in food products and has surged in popularity because of its health benefits. Coconut oil is also a main ingredient in Ayurvedic oils. Numerous other dwarf cultivars also developed as the initial dwarf cultivar was introduced to other regions and hybridized with various tall cultivars. From here, island-hopping via coral atolls lining the Tethys Sea, potentially boosted by the ocean currents at the time, would have proved crucial to dispersal, eventually allowing ancestral coconuts to reach India. Palm wine is distilled to produce arrack. Some cultivars such as 'Fiji dwarf' form a large bulb at the lower stem and others are cultivated to produce very sweet coconut water with orange-colored husks (king coconut) used entirely in fruit stalls for drinking (Sri Lanka, India). The immature seeds are infested and desapped by larvae staying in the portion covered by the perianth of the immature seed; the seeds then drop off or survive deformed. Demand grew by 8 percent annually during 1993 to 2004. [citation needed], Indonesia is the world's largest producer of coconuts, with gross production of 15million tonnes. [57] If they were naturally distributed and had been in the Pacific for a thousand years or so, then we would expect the eastern shore of Australia, with its own islands sheltered by the Great Barrier Reef, to have been thick with coconut palms: the currents were directly into, and down along this coast. de Lourdes Arruzazabala, M.; Molina, V.; Ms, R.; Carbajal, D.; Marrero, D.; Gonzlez, V.; Rodrguez, E. (2007). The terms are derived from the Samoan language and was adopted into scientific usage by Harries (1978). Coconuts are distinct from other fruits because their endosperm contains a large quantity of clear liquid, called coconut water or coconut juice. and early germination on the palm (vivipary) was important. [95], The practice of using macaques to harvest coconuts was exposed in Thailand by the People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) in 2019, resulting in calls for boycotts on coconut products. [6] On fertile soil, a tall coconut palm tree can yield up to 75 fruits per year, but more often yields less than 30. 2017-08-20 10:24:51. Coconut flesh is high in fat and can be dried or eaten fresh or processed into coconut milk or coconut oil. It enables toxins to be removed easily from harmful substances. (eds.). It is used for cooking various dishes. The coconut palm thrives on sandy soils and is highly tolerant of salinity. Several countries economies are based on the coconut palm. What Are the Major Regions of Manufacturing Lisa Smith has been an editor and writer since 1991. As of 2006, the U. Coconut is a crop of small and marginal farmers since 98% of about five million coconut holdings in the country are less than two hectares. It supplies food, drink and shelter and also supplies raw material to number of industries intimately connected with domestic as well as economic life. [13] It is consumed throughout the humid tropics, and has been introduced into the retail market as a processed sports drink. In Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore and Tirupur regions top the production list. Since these fruits are likewise high in fat, they can help your body absorb fat-soluble nutrients, including vitamins A, D, E, and K. Coconut is the fruit of the coconut palm. The decoration of foots is astringent and is used as mouth was and gargle. Wiki User. While there is a concentration of coconut plantations in the coastal regions of the country, it is also grown in the hinterlands where the agro-climatic requirements of coconut cultivation are met. One of their first uses of the coconut was to produce cooking oil. For other uses, see, "Grated coconut" redirects here. Whether you are starting your first company or you are a dedicated entrepreneur diving into a new venture, Bizfluent is here to equip you with the tactics, tools and information to establish and run your ventures. Both the exocarp and the mesocarp make up the "husk" of the coconut, while the endocarp makes up the hard coconut "shell". This article was most recently revised and updated by. Several countries' economies are based on the coconut palm. Copyright 2023 Cocoanesia. Coconut is a plant-based source of saturated fat. Source of Raw Material for the Agro-Based Industries In the agro-based industry, fruit growing offers the raw materials for canning and preserving products, among other things fresh fruits. Other aspects such as seed size, shape and weight, and copra thickness are also important factors in the selection of new cultivars. Hemera Technologies/Photos.com/Getty Images. A young, well-maintained tree can produce around 300 litres (79 US gallons) of toddy per year, while a 40-year-old tree may yield around 400L (110USgal). For for the bucking horse, see. Most less-developed countries depend on agriculture as a major source of income and employment. Several countries' economies are based on the coconut palm. [33], The name coconut is derived from the 16th-century Portuguese word coco, meaning 'head' or 'skull' after the three indentations on the coconut shell that resemble facial features. They have a thick fibrous husk surrounding the single-seeded nut. [57] Thor Heyerdahl provides an alternative, and much shorter, estimate based on his first-hand experience crossing the Pacific Ocean on the raft Kon-Tiki:[68]. On the eve of Choti Holi . [58], The extent of cultivation in the tropics is threatening a number of habitats, such as mangroves; an example of such damage to an ecoregion is in the Petenes mangroves of the Yucatn. In addition to its use as a food, the coconut is also a source of oil, which is used in cooking and in the production of a range of products, including soaps, cosmetics, and candles. Coconut is the fruit of the coconut palm. Handwritten notes availableIf you find any doubt then you can ask me in the comment section below Please do like,share, comment the video and subscr. Economic theory posits that economic welfare is the total benefit available to society provided by various economic transaction and situation (Economic Online, 2014). [184], In March 1521, a description of the coconut was given by Antonio Pigafetta writing in Italian and using the words "cocho"/"cochi", as recorded in his journal after the first European crossing of the Pacific Ocean during the Magellan circumnavigation and meeting the inhabitants of what would become known as Guam and the Philippines. Indo-Atlantic coconuts, in contrast, all have the ancestral traits of tall habits and elongated triangular fruits. [86][87][88][84], The pole method uses a long pole with a cutting device at the end. Coconut trunks are used for building small bridges and huts; they are preferred for their straightness, strength, and salt resistance. 2) The Wet Meat or Kernel: The kernel or endospermis an important article of food being used in culinary purpose. It contains acids like ascorbic acid (a form of vitamin C), nicotinic acid (Vitamin B3 and vitamin PP) and riboflavin (vitamin B2). Coconut timber comes from the trunk, and is increasingly being used as an ecologically sound substitute for endangered hardwoods. [174], The flowers are used sometimes in wedding ceremonies in Cambodia. Agriculture Industry In the past, the harvesting of coconuts and their husks was considered part of the waste or for burning fuel, and they did not have much economic benefit. Gatchalian et al 1994 developed a sonometry technique for precisely determining the stage of ripeness of young coconuts. [58] They may grow but not fruit properly in areas with insufficient warmth, such as Bermuda. In 2020, world production of coconuts was 62 million tonnes, led by Indonesia, India, and the Philippines, with 75% combined of the total (table). [12], Botanically, the coconut fruit is a drupe, not a true nut. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Because of their soft textures, they are unsuitable for grating. Coconuts only came into prominence as an important food item after the 1860s and this was largely due to its use by the Indian indentured immigrants who had replaced the slaves on the plantations and who had used coconuts in a variety of ways in their native land. Spread coconut flakes thinly on a baking sheet and put them in the oven for around five or 10 minutes until they're golden brown. Elvira is known for her creative approach to cuisine, and her passion for teaching others about the culinary arts. The original one is held each October in Greenwich. Dried copra gives 60 to 67% oil and 33-40% oil cake. The fruit is adapted for ocean dispersal. They control formation and circulation of fats in body. Nevin KG. Due to the performance of coconut in the economy as the major source of income, it is considered as a predictor of the general economic activity of the country. It is also used as a natural moisturizer, especially for winter. [26][27] In Colombia, a single Cocos-like fruit was recovered from the middle to late Paleocene Cerrejn Formation. Coconut palms yield roughly 20 percent of the market's oils and fats, Just Change Trust estimates. Studies have shown that coconut oil can help in significant reduction in belly fat. Oilseeds, overall. Coconut is an important tree crop with diverse end-users and employment generation potentials. Economic importance of coconut pdf. Lately, civil wars and crop failures have driven up the EU Rotterdam coconut oil price, which has doubled during 2010-2011, nearing $2,000 per tonne, according to the UK Grocer. [131][86], Coconut milk powder, a protein-rich powder can be processed from coconut milk following centrifugation, separation, and spray drying. However, they can be found in humid areas with low annual precipitation such as in Karachi, Pakistan, which receives only about 250mm (9+34in) of rainfall per year, but is consistently warm and humid. Mathur, P.N. [72] Yellowing diseases affect plantations in Africa, India, Mexico, the Caribbean and the Pacific Region. Perianth Tepals 6 arranged in two whorls of three each, persistent and polyphyllous showing valvate aestivation in both the whorls. Coconut accounted for nearly 117 billion Indian rupees in the Indian economy in fiscal year 2020. June 14, 2022; ushl assistant coach salary . It can be eaten as food or used as medicine. Australian cities put much effort into de-fruiting decorative coconut trees to ensure that the mature coconuts do not fall and injure people. The aim is to knock a coconut off the stand and win it. [165], Researchers from the Melbourne Museum in Australia observed the octopus species Amphioctopus marginatus use tools, specifically coconut shells, for defense and shelter. Although these numbers are modest, coconut is an important food crop in Sri Lanka in that it provides Hawaiians hollowed the trunk to form drums, containers, or small canoes. Coconut oil is moisturizing and has been used for centuries as a hair tonic and skin care product. In the Philippines, this alcoholic drink is called lambanog (historically also called vino de coco in Spanish) or "coconut vodka". How useful is a coconut tree Write 5 sentences? Dried half shells are used as the bodies of musical instruments, including the Chinese yehu and banhu, along with the Vietnamese n go and Arabo-Turkic rebab. They include morphotaxa like Palmoxylon sundaran, Palmoxylon insignae, and Palmocarpon cocoides. [112] Proteins from coconut may cause food allergy, including anaphylaxis. The various parts of the coconut have a number of culinary uses. Coconut oil has high world demand as an ingredient in cosmetics, soaps, hair oils, body oils and in food products and has surged in popularity because of its health benefits. The Coconut Research Center describes the nut as rich in fiber, vitamins, and minerals with oil comprising mainly medium-chain fatty acids. In addition, fossils of potential Cocos ancestors have been recovered from both Colombia and India. Virgin coconut oil is predicted to experience high demand from consumers with higher health consciousness and as well as aging population. Wild coconuts feature an elongated triangular fruit with a thicker husk and a smaller amount of endosperm. Coconut is a crop of small and marginal farmers since 98% of about five million coconut holdings in the country are less than two hectares. The liquid of the nut, known as coconut water, is used in beverages. Corrections? Tannin produces negative effects on sapling growth. Coconut oil and milk are ingredients in cooking, frying, soaps and cosmetics, and foods like margarine and popcorn. Many of the smallest coral islands in the Florida Keys are known to have abundant coconut palms sprouting from coconuts that have drifted or been deposited by ocean currents. Half coconut shells are used in theatre Foley sound effects work, struck together to create the sound effect of a horse's hoofbeats. Other cultivars of niu leka may also exist in other islands of the Pacific, and some are probably descendants of advanced crosses between Compact Dwarfs and Southeast Asian Dwarf types.[11][65]. Coconut palms grow in the wet tropical and subtropical coastal Indian and Pacific ocean regions. [67] This figure has been questioned based on the extremely small sample size that forms the basis of the paper that makes this claim. [73], The coconut palm is damaged by the larvae of many Lepidoptera (butterfly and moth) species which feed on it, including the African armyworm (Spodoptera exempta) and Batrachedra spp. nana) varieties. Fishermen give an offering of coconut to the sea to celebrate the beginning of a new fishing season. [89], Determining whether to harvest is also important. In large amounts, coconut water might cause potassium levels in the blood to become too high. Fancy utensil can be prepare from shell. One of the primary economic contributions of the coconut is as a source of food. A hard shell encloses the embryo with its abundant endosperm, composed of both meat and liquid. Mature coconuts are ovoid or ellipsoid in shape, 3045 cm (1218 inches) in length and 1520 cm (68 inches) in diameter. Medium chain fats have also been known to help in weight loss and reduce waist circumference. The coconut tree (Cocos nucifera) is a member of the palm tree family (Arecaceae) and the only living species of the genus Cocos. The "branches" (leaf petioles) are strong and flexible enough to make a switch. The production of coconuts plays an important role in the economy, with 25% of cultivated land (around 3.56 million hectares) used for coconut plantations and approximately 25 to 33% of the population reliant on coconuts for their livelihood. Her articles have appeared in "Newton Magazine" and she has contributed to myriad popular books, including "Masters of Deception" and "Click: The Ultimate Photography Guide for Generation Now." [62] The two groups are genetically distinct, with the dwarf variety showing a greater degree of artificial selection for ornamental traits and for early germination and fruiting. The inner flesh of the mature seed, as well as the coconut milk extracted from it, form a regular part of the diets of many people in the tropics and subtropics. In addition to the traditional products of copra, coconut oil and copra meal, coconut has the unique advantage of producing a wide variety of food and environment friendly non-food products which are used both domestically and for a global export market. [91][85] In other areas, like in Papua New Guinea, coconuts are simply collected when they fall to the ground. typica) and "Dwarf" (var. They need annual rainfall of at least 120cm, temperatures from 70 to 86 degrees Fahrenheit and sandy, slightly acidic soil with good drainage. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 59 (7): 995. As of 2006, the U.S. annually imported 190 million pounds of coconut oil, whose worldwide trade reached $20 million. [176], It was the main food of adherents of the now discontinued Vietnamese religion o Da. ~The effect will be much stronger when consumed by adding ~When mask made with milk inside coconut, color tone of skin will be opened. [160], Coir (the fiber from the husk of the coconut) is used in ropes, mats, doormats, brushes, and sacks, as caulking for boats, and as stuffing fiber for mattresses. Various other products made from thickened coconut milk with sugar and/or eggs like coconut jam and coconut custard are also widespread in Southeast Asia. Trees grow up to 30 metres (100 feet) tall and can yield up to 75 fruits per year, though fewer than 30 is more typical. It contains less than 3% of the original moisture content of coconut meat. Some cultivars are more drought resistant such as 'West coast tall' (India) while others such as 'Hainan Tall' (China) are more cold tolerant. Riung Wangi III No.53, Bandung, West Java. Fruit farming has more economic advantages than vegetable farming. Neera has a low glycemic count at 35 compared to cane sugar or sugarcane juice that has a glycemic count of 80. It is eaten as is or used as an ingredient in various dishes. "Effects of coconut oil on testosterone-induced prostatic hyperplasia in Sprague-Dawley rats". Fruit farming is one of the most important and long-standing traditions in India, having been done before the beginning of time. Narali Purnima is celebrated on a full moon day which usually signifies the end of monsoon season in India. [49][18][61], The niu kafa form is the wild ancestral type, with thick husks to protect the seed, an angular, highly ridged shape to promote buoyancy during ocean dispersal, and a pointed base that allowed fruits to dig into the sand, preventing them from being washed away during germination on a new island. Coconut milk contains 5% to 20% fat, while coconut cream contains around 20% to 50% fat. [27][28] Endt & Hayward (1997) have noted their resemblance to members of the South American genus Parajubaea, rather than Cocos, and propose a South American origin. Historical Developments in Biological Control Recent Advances. Coconuts are commonly grown around the northern coast of Australia, and in some warmer parts of New South Wales. The discovery of this behavior was observed in Bali and North Sulawesi in Indonesia between 1998 and 2008. HE Moore Jr, NW Uhl. See also Can I Rub Coconut Oil On My Gums? 2,0004,000 adventitious roots may grow, each about 1cm (12in) large. Cocos nucifera is a large palm, growing up to 30 metres (100 feet) tall, with pinnate leaves 46m (1320ft) long, and pinnae 6090 centimetres (23ft) long; old leaves break away cleanly, leaving the trunk smooth. Coconut palms yield roughly 20 percent of the market's oils and fats, Just Change Trust estimates. As development continues, cellular layers of endosperm deposit along the walls of the endocarp up to 11mm (38in) thick, starting at the distal end. It is dried out disintegrated coconut meat. [118][119] Another method is to shake the coconut. The haustorium absorbs the solid endosperm to nourish the seedling. 50 % of existing coconut palms have passed their economic bearing age (60 years) and are due for replanting, around 900 million coconut seedlings are required at a value of USD$ 2.7 Billion to secure a sustainable future for the global coconut estate. However, both James Cook and William Bligh[69] (put adrift after the Bounty mutiny) found no sign of the nuts along this 2,000km (1,200mi) stretch when he needed water for his crew. [18][19][20] The coconut tree provides food, fuel, cosmetics, folk medicine and building materials, among many other uses. Rajamohan T. Clinical Biochemistry. Nevertheless, the authors Gomez-Navarro et al. [45], Modern genetic studies have identified the center of origin of coconuts as being the Central Indo-Pacific, the region between western Southeast Asia and Melanesia, where it shows greatest genetic diversity. [157] The shell and husk can be burned for smoke to repel mosquitoes[156] and are used in parts of South India for this purpose. [18][19][20] [59], Coconuts today can be grouped into two highly genetically distinct subpopulations: the Indo-Atlantic group originating from southern India and nearby regions (including Sri Lanka, the Laccadives, and the Maldives); and the Pacific group originating from the region between maritime Southeast Asia and Melanesia. They were commonly carried by Spanish ships as a source of fresh water. The study contended that an adaptation to coral atolls would explain the prehistoric and modern distributions of Cocos, would have provided the necessary evolutionary pressures, and would account for morphological factors such as a thick husk to protect against ocean degradation and provide a moist medium in which to germinate on sparse atolls.
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