(d) perform such other functions as may be prescribed by an act of the National Assembly. )wind: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est. Reasons for Military Interventions in Nigeria, Continue With the Mobile App | Available on Google Play, Major General J.T.U. Nigerian Army Education Corps and School, This page was last edited on 1 March 2023, at 16:09. The government continues to face the daunting task of institutionalizing democracy and reforming a petroleum-based economy, whose revenues have been squandered through decades of corruption and mismanagement. Economic Systems. And thats it. It is too military in structure. ), 20.4 years (2018 est. )wine: 0.09 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. [14][15], In spite of these challenges to its operational readiness, the Nigerian Armed Forces have committed to a number of wide-ranging modernization programs to bolster the discipline and firepower of its troops. Idang, Gordon J. Reasons for Military Intervention in Nigeria, C. The Structure of Military Rule in Nigeria, D. Achievements of the Military Rule in Nigeria, E. The Weakness or Failures of the Military Regime in Nigeria, I love this.I gain knowledge everday and New things. Also Read: Cost of Nigerian International passport. These commissioners and advisers cannot be members of the state house of assembly neither can they be members of the national assembly. [6] According to Global Firepower, the Nigerian Armed Forces are the fourth-most powerful military in Africa, and ranked 35th on its list, internationally. National Economic Council. This happened on the 15thof January 1966 and that marked the beginning of military rule in the country. in or register, Protection of lives and properties of its citizens. After this coup, the Military Government maintained its place over the next decade but this rule was not without some drama. )proven reserves: 344 million metric tons (2019 est. )arable land: 37.3% (2018 est. ), fresh water lake(s): Lake Chad (endorheic lake shared with Niger, Chad, and Cameroon) - 10,360-25,900 sq kmnote - area varies by season and year to year, Niger river mouth (shared with Guinea [s], Mali, Benin, and Niger) - 4,200 kmnote [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth, Atlantic Ocean drainage: Niger (2,261,741 sq km)Internal (endorheic basin) drainage: Lake Chad (2,497,738 sq km), Lake Chad Basin, Lullemeden-Irhazer Aquifer System, largest population of any African nation; significant population clusters are scattered throughout the country, with the highest density areas being in the south and southwest as shown in this population distribution map, the Niger River enters the country in the northwest and flows southward through tropical rain forests and swamps to its delta in the Gulf of Guinea, Hausa 30%, Yoruba 15.5%, Igbo (Ibo) 15.2%, Fulani 6%, Tiv 2.4%, Kanuri/Beriberi 2.4%, Ibibio 1.8%, Ijaw/Izon 1.8%, other 24.9% (2018 est. (3) The composition of the officer corps and other ranks of the armed forces of the Federation shall reflect the federal character of Nigeria. 100)FAX: [1] (202) 362-6541email address and website: info@nigeriaembassyusa.orghttps://www.nigeriaembassyusa.org/consulate(s) general: Atlanta, New York, chief of mission: Ambassador Mary Beth LEONARD (since24 December 2019)embassy: Plot 1075 Diplomatic Drive, Central District Area, Abujamailing address: 8320 Abuja Place, Washington DC 20521-8320telephone: [234] (9) 461-4000FAX: [234] (9) 461-4036email address and website: AbujaACS@state.govhttps://ng.usembassy.gov/consulate(s) general: Lagos, three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), white, and green; the color green represents the forests and abundant natural wealth of the country, white stands for peace and unity, name: "Arise Oh Compatriots, Nigeria's Call Obey"lyrics/music: John A. ILECHUKWU, Eme Etim AKPAN, B.A. African Studies Review 13, no. [8] In the years following the civil war, the Nigerian Armed Forces were halved in size from its post-war height to approximately 125,000 men. Note: A ministry with a minister and one or more minister of state has only one permanent secretary. The United States established diplomatic relations with Nigeria in 1960, following Nigeria's independence from the United Kingdom. notable engagements including its 2017 involvement as part of the ECOWAS military intervention in the Gambia. In the Northern region for instance, the local government was known by the name " native authorities", with the emirs having enormous influence and authority in his locality. (male 3,635,334/female 4,123,030) 2022 population pyramid Dependency ratios salary structure and wages, Government in all level must fight corrupt leaders, Immunity clause should be removed in the constitution of the federal )8.53% (2019 est. Prior to this coup, many of the high ranking officials in the military felt that the first coup had been carried out to favour the Igbo people. Corruption has historically weakened the Nigerian military's capacity to face internal security threats, and is cited as being responsible for the continued longevity of rebels and terrorists operating throughout the nation. Even when there are less than 36 ministries, a minister is assisted by one or more minister of state (all in a bid to ensure the 36 states representation). However, this process was shortlived by the military folks and less than 6 years after independence, Sir Ahmadu Bello; the post-independence leader of the country was overthrown. Nigeria is a federal presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President is both head of state and head of government, and of a multiparty system. )investment in fixed capital: 14.8% (2017 est. It is the legislative branch at the state level of the Nigerian government structure. It consists of three uniformed service branches: the Nigerian Army, Nigerian Navy, and Nigerian Air Force. Perhaps democracy derives power from the base of the pyramid - from the people over there. Nigeria's default on the issues of democracy and/or good governance and human rights, strained, without a shadow of a doubt, the relationship between the country's civil society, the international community and the Nigerian state under General Sani Abacha. )hydroelectricity: 21.7% of total installed capacity (2020 est. )biomass and waste: 0.1% of total installed capacity (2020 est. The government created two political parties, the Social Democratic Party (SDP) and the National Republican Convention (NRC), and produced their agendas for them; freely formed parties were not registered, and many politicians were banned from politics. It can be prevented if politicians learn to avoid mismanagement of public funds. Nigeria is dominantly made of three prominent regions: the North (Hausa Fulani), the West (Yorubas) and the East (Igbos) with minorities in other regions.The military took over the leadership. ), fossil fuels: 78.1% of total installed capacity (2020 est. Privacy Policy "The Politics of Nigerian Foreign Policy: The Ratification and Renunciation of the Anglo-Nigerian Defence Agreement." We have in the apex the big Commander-in-Chief and it then goes down. ADERIBIGBE/Benedict Elide ODIASEnote: adopted 1978; lyrics are a mixture of the five top entries in a national contest, total World Heritage Sites: 2 (both cultural)selected World Heritage Site locales: Sukur Cultural Landscape; Osun-Osogbo Sacred Grove, one of the largest West African economies; oil-dependent exports, revenues, and credit; COVID-19 and oil price shocks have resulted in slowing growth, high inflation, increasing unemployment; frequent disruptions due to political instability, especially in the north, $1.05 trillion (2021 est. The Nigerian Navy command structure today, consists of the Naval Headquarters in Abuja as well as three other operational commands with headquarters in Lagos, Calabar and Bayelsa. Guest post The training command headquarters are located in Lagos, the commercial capital of Nigeria, but with training facilities spread all over Nigeria. Each state has its local government areas into which it is divided into. Quick Interesting Post: The History and Impacts of Military Rule in Nigeria. Nigeria also is a major source, transit, and destination country for forced labor and sex trafficking. [25] The Nigerian Army has been playing a major role in defence of Nigerian Democracy since the first republic till date. That policy statement did not deter Nigeria under Generals Ibrahim Babangida in 1990 and Sani Abacha in 1997, from sending ECOMOG peacekeeping forces under the auspices of ECOWAS into Liberia and later Sierra Leone, when the civil wars broke out in those countries. The Nigerian civil war; the military was responsible for the civil war that claimed many lives. Increased educational attainment, especially among women, and improvements in health care are needed to encourage and to better enable parents to opt for smaller families. The Supreme Court is the highest court in Nigeria and its judgement or decision is final. The first ever coup was quite bloody and 11 senior Nigerian politicians and 2 soldiers were murders. The 2015 election was also heralded for the fact that the then-umbrella opposition party, the All Progressives Congress, defeated the long-ruling People's Democratic Party that had governed since 1999, and assumed the presidency, marking the first peaceful transfer of power from one party to another. NA, serious overpopulation and rapid urbanization have led to numerous environmental problems; urban air and water pollution; rapid deforestation; soil degradation; loss of arable land; oil pollution - water, air, and soil have suffered serious damage from oil spills, party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlandssigned, but not ratified: Tropical Timber 2006, particulate matter emissions: 48.73 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est. The masses should be given political education so as to be able to fight for their right when it is being infringed upon. The Nigerian government structure in one piece that every Nigerian citizen should know. Abuja has not successfully implemented family planning programs to reduce and space births because of a lack of political will, government financing, and the availability and affordability of services and products, as well as a cultural preference for large families. )19.6% of GDP (2016 est. Apart from this, the structure of the civil service remains the same as that of the civilian regime. )2.21% (2019 est. Unless specified, this website is not in any way affiliated with any of the institutions featured. )exports: 12,000 metric tons (2020 est. The Air Force started as a transport unit, with the aircrew being trained in Canada, Ethiopia and Pakistan. This led to the execution of Mamman Vatsa and 10 other military officers that same year. Thank you. [32], In December 1983, the new Major General Muhammadu Buhari regime announced that Nigeria could no longer afford an activist anti-colonial role in Africa. 2. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Supreme military council was created by Muhammed Buhari while Muritala Muhammed. Fitch rating: B (2020)Moody's rating: B2 (2017)Standard & Poors rating: B- (2020)note: The year refers to the year in which the current credit rating was first obtained. On this date, March 4 in 1999, military government freed the remaining people imprisoned two years ago for . In 2007, the Air Force had a strength of 10,000. The federal government raises funds through taxing people and businesses. ), total population: 61.79 yearsmale: 59.93 yearsfemale: 63.75 years (2023 est. MEASURES THAT CAN BE TAKEN TO PREVENT MILITARY INTERVENTION IN NIGERIAS POLITICS. It is also defined as the system of government in which governmental powers are shared between the central government, i.e. The House of Assembly of each state consists of 3 x the total number of seats that state has in the House of Representatives. Each ministry has a permanent secretary, a senior civil servant. )0.5% of GDP (2019) (approximately $3.53 billion)0.5% of GDP (2018) (approximately $3.72 billion)0.5% of GDP (2017) (approximately $3.42 billion), information varies; approximately 135,000 active duty armed forces personnel (100,000 Army; 20,000 Navy/Coast Guard; 15,000 Air Force); approximately 80,000 Security and Civil Defense Corps (2022), the military's inventory consists of a wide variety of imported weapons systems of Chinese, European, Middle Eastern, Russian (including Soviet-era), and US origin; the military is undergoing a considerable modernization program, and in recent years has received equipment from some 20 countries with China, Russia, and the US as the leading suppliers; Nigeria is also developing a defense-industry capacity, including small arms, armored personnel vehicles, and small-scale naval production (2023), 18-26 years of age for men and women for voluntary military service; no conscription (2022), 200 Ghana (ECOMIG) (2022)note: Nigeria has committed an Army combat brigade (approximately 3,000 troops) to the Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF), a regional counter-terrorism force comprised of troops from Benin, Cameroon, Chad, and Niger; MNJTF conducts operations against Boko Haram and other terrorist groups operating in the general area of the Lake Chad Basin and along Nigeria's northeast border; national MNJTF troop contingents are deployed within their own country territories, although crossborder operations are conducted periodically, the Nigerian military is sub-Saharan Africas largest and regarded as one of its most capable forces; the Army and Air Force are focused largely on internal security and face a number of challenges that have stretched their resources; the Army is deployed in all 36 of the country's states; in the northeast, it is conducting counterinsurgency/counterterrorist operations against the Boko Haram (BH) and Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham in West Africa (ISIS-WA) terrorist groups, where it has deployed as many as 70,000 troops at times and jihadist-related violence has killed an estimated 35-40,000 people, mostly civilians, since 2009; in the northwest, it faces growing threats from criminal gangs, bandits, and violence associated with long-standing farmer-herder conflicts, as well as BH and ISIS-WA terrorists; bandits in the northwest are estimated to number in the low 10,000s and violence there has killed more than 10,000 people since the mid-2010s; the military also continues to protect the oil industry in the Niger Delta region against militants and criminal activity, although the levels of violence there have decreased in recent years; since 2021, additional troops and security forces have been deployed to eastern Nigeria to quell renewed agitation for a state of Biafra (Biafra seceded from Nigeria in the late 1960s, sparking a civil war that caused more than 1 million deaths), meanwhile, the Navy is focused on security in the Gulf of Guinea; since 2016, it has developed a maritime strategy, boosted naval training and its naval presence in the Gulf, increased participation in regional maritime security efforts, and acquired a considerable number of new naval platforms, including offshore and coastal patrol craft, fast attack boats, and air assets; its principal surface ships currently include a frigate and 4 corvettes or offshore patrol ships, the International Maritime Bureau reports the territorial and offshore waters in the Niger Delta and Gulf of Guinea remain a very high risk for piracy and armed robbery of ships; in 2021, there were 34 reported incidents of piracy and armed robbery at sea in the Gulf of Guinea region; although a significant decrease from the total number of 81 incidents in 2020, it included the one hijacking and three of five ships fired upon worldwide; while boarding and attempted boarding to steal valuables from ships and crews are the most common types of incidents, almost a third of all incidents involve a hijacking and/or kidnapping; in 2021, 57 crew members were kidnapped in seven separate incidents in the Gulf of Guinea, representing 100% of kidnappings worldwide; Nigerian pirates in particular are well armed and very aggressive, operating as far as 200 nm offshore; the Maritime Administration of the US Department of Transportation has issued a Maritime Advisory (2022-001 - Gulf of Guinea-Piracy/Armed Robbery/Kidnapping for Ransom) effective 4 January 2022, which states in part, "Piracy, armed robbery, and kidnapping for ransom continue to serve as significant threats to US-flagged vessels transiting or operating in the Gulf of Guinea", Boko Haram; Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham West Africa; Jamaatu Ansarul Muslimina Fi Biladis-Sudan (Ansaru)note: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T, Nigeria-Cameroon: Joint Border Commission with Cameroon reviewed 2002 ICJ ruling on the entire boundary and bilaterally resolved differences, including June 2006 Greentree Agreement that immediately ceded sovereignty of the Bakassi Peninsula to Cameroon with a phaseout of Nigerian control within two years while resolving patriation issues; demarcation of the Bakassi Peninsula and adjoining border areas should be finalized in 2022; as Lake Chads evaporation exposed dry land, only Nigeria and Cameroon have heeded the Lake Chad Commission's admonition to ratify the delimitation treaty which also includes the Chad-Niger and Niger-Nigeria boundaries, Nigeria-Cameroon-Equatorial Guinea: the ICJ ruled on an equidistance settlement of Cameroon-Equatorial Guinea-Nigeria maritime boundary in the Gulf of Guinea, but imprecisely defined coordinates in the ICJ decision and a sovereignty dispute between Equatorial Guinea and Cameroon over an island at the mouth of the Ntem River all contribute to the delay in implementation, refugees (country of origin): 87,220 (Cameroon) (2023)IDPs: 3.17 million (northeast Nigeria; Boko Haram attacks and counterinsurgency efforts in northern Nigeria; communal violence between Christians and Muslims in the middle belt region, political violence; flooding; forced evictions; cattle rustling; competition for resources) (2023), a significant source for cannabis cultivation and methamphetamine production; a major place for transnational drug trafficking networks that supply cocaine to Asia and Europe, heroin to Europe and North America, and methamphetamine to South Africa, Southeast Asia, Australia, and New Zealand; traffickers also involved in the transportation, facilitation, and distribution of illicitly diverted tramadol, total population growth rate v. urban population growth rate, 2000-2030, Children under the age of 5 years underweight, International law organization participation, Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income, Household income or consumption by percentage share, Civil aircraft registration country code prefix, Military and security service personnel strengths, Military equipment inventories and acquisitions, Refugees and internally displaced persons, Center for the Study of Intelligence (CSI). Section 217-220 of the 1999 Constitution of Nigeria thus addresses the Nigerian Armed Forces: The Nigerian Army (NA) is the land branch of the Nigerian Armed Forces and the largest among the armed forces. It is presided over by the speaker of the house. The top 5 citizens of Nigeria are: Ever wondered how governments raise and spend money? Politicians should learn how to avoid ethnic politics in order not to attract military rule. [26], The Nigerian Navy (NN) is the sea branch of the Nigerian Armed Forces. Mismanagement and wastage of public funds. Finally in 1998, General Sani Abacha died in power as a result of a heart attack and this eventually signalled the end of military rule. It was Major Chukwuma Nzeogwu that officially announced the successful coup on Radio Nigeria in Kaduna. )agricultural: 5.51 billion cubic meters (2017 est. Abdullahi, who is the second to the last son of the military dictator died on Friday night in Abuja. Also, there had been growing unrest among the ranks in military due to some reasons which will be mentioned later. It includes bodies such as: The Federal Capital Territory is administered only by the federal government. However, the coup led to greater problems for the country. The Judiciary: This is headed by the Chief Justice of the country and various Judges of the court of appeal and high court. National Mass Media Commission; 5. The policies that govern the country cutting across the states to the lowest level of government are formed at the federal level. The coup plotters attacked Ibadan, Lagos and Kaduna within a period of 2 days. President Olusegun Obasanjo in August 2003, committed the Nigerian troops once again into Liberia, at the appeal of the United States, to provide an interim presence until the United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNMIL) arrived. Class: Senior (SS3) Although both the 2003 and 2007 presidential elections were marred by significant irregularities and violence, Nigeria is currently experiencing its longest period of civilian rule since independence. It is the level of government that is closer to the people and is within the people. This arose from the monumental annulment, by the Babangida military regime, of the June 12 1993, presidential election, adjudged by . Students preparing for Government examination (WAEC/NECO/GCE) are advised to read ahead without been limited by a timetable. the federal government and its components (state and local government). ), $50.856 billion (2021 est.) Military regimes are by their nature autocratic; they are insensitive to the opinions or the demands of the people. )geothermal: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est. President Muhammadu Buhari's over-due reforms aren't yet enough to turn an under-resourced, over-stretched and corrupt army back into a professional force. There were 9 casualties as a result of this attempt. It serves as check and balance on the executive and legislative branch of the Nigerian government structure. (male 3,635,334/female 4,123,030), total dependency ratio: 86youth dependency ratio: 80.6elderly dependency ratio: 5.5potential support ratio: 18 (2021 est. ), $26.847 billion (2019 est. )imports: 0 kWh (2019 est. The local government reforms of that year made some fundamental changes in the structure, Presidential and legislative elections were held in early 2019 and deemed broadly free and fair despite voting irregularities, intimidation, and violence. ), lowest 10%: 1.8%highest 10%: 38.2% (2010 est. In summary, we use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. There was a coup attempt during the Abacha led administration in 1995 and this led to the arrest and imprisonment of the likes of General Obasanjo, Major General Shehu Musa Yaradua and some other prominent soldiers. The National Assembly is also responsible for the approval or disapproval of bills passed into the house, confirmation of appointments made by the president. "[22], Training establishments in Nigeria include the prestigious officer entry: Nigerian Defence Academy at Kaduna, the Armed Forces Command and Staff College, Jaji, and the National War College at Abuja. It has thirty-six states, one federal territory, and . )female: 0.5% (2020 est. Government West-African Constitutional Development Nigerian Military Rule. The minister of state is not a different minister on his own but instead an assistant to the minister he is attached to. Muhammadu BUHARI (since 29 May 2015); Vice President Oluyemi "Yemi" OSINBAJO (since 29 May 2015); note - the president is both chief of state, head of government, and commander-in-chief of the armed forceshead of government: President Maj. Gen. Jimi Peters, 'The Nigerian Military and the State,' 1997. Subject: Government National Defence Council; 3. The governor, deputy governor, and commissioners make up the STATE EXECUTIVE COUNCIL. This LOCAL GOVERNMENT COUNCIL comprises of the local government chairman, who is the C. E. O of the local government areas (a president at the local government level), and his Councillors, other elected members (like ministers too but at the local government level). Military intervention could be prevented with the eradication or reduction in the level of corruption in Nigeria by politicians. note: data are in current year dollars$69.927 billion (2019 est.) (a) defending Nigeria from external aggression. The Nigerian army is headed currently by Major General Farouk Yahaya, who was appointed by President Muhammadu Buhari. )forest: 9.5% (2018 est. Soldiers don't belong on the streetsand the army is uniquely placed to pressure the government for police reforms to tackle. Since then, in its top-level positions, the country has been ruled by military or police officers, with one solitary civilian governor in the Ibo East Central State.
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